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In this tutorial, we will design and simulate a CMOS ring oscillator circuit using BSIM 4 models with the help of LTspice tools. What is a ring oscillator? An odd number of inverters form a closed loop with positive feedback forming a ring oscillator circuit. The oscillation frequency of this CMOS ring oscillator circuit … Read more
In this tutorial, we will design a voltage divider circuit and perform the circuit simulation using the KiCad tool. This tutorial will cover the circuit design on Eeschema, and we will perform the circuit simulation using the KiCad tool. To start with, click on the file, New>Project. Save this project as a Voltage divider, and … Read more
How to simulate operational amplifier using LTspice? Before that let us understand about Operational amplifier. Without an Operational amplifier, we can never imagine the current gadget world. The contribution of the Operational amplifier is immense and find use in various technology. Most youths love to party during the weekend, and the question they come across, … Read more
The 555 timer, one of the most frequently used integrated circuits by design engineers for novel circuit designs. The 555 timer IC got the name due to the three 5 kilo-ohms resistors used in the voltage divider network. They find potential use in numerous applications such as time delays and oscillators. In this circuit design … Read more
Power consumption is a crucial factor in any VLSI design. The device and gate length has shrunk to nanometers due to increasing transistor counts and speed of operation. Thus low power design techniques becomes a crucial factor. The modern world surrounded by sophisticated gadgets and, without these gadgets performing day to day tasks is unimaginable. … Read more
This tutorial demonstrates how to simulate a diode using Atlas 2D, and we create a silicon diode structure and perform DC analysis. The following tool is necessary “S-PISCES” which comes under ATLAS Module for understanding the device characteristics. Before working on this example, let us understand what is a diode? A diode is a device … Read more
The Common drain amplifier is a single transistor MOSFET amplifier, one of the basic fundamental MOSFET amplifiers. The Common drain amplifiers are different from Common source amplifiers where the resistor connected across the drain. Let us analyze the input resistance, output resistance, and the gain of the amplifier. Based on these parameters, it provides insight … Read more
A design engineer can design an op-amp using the passive components, what is the need of MOSFET based single-stage amplifiers? MOSFET transistors, have an edge over passive components, they can save the chip area. MOSFET, an active device, can produce higher resistance compared to passive load, which would result in higher gains. Common source amplifier … Read more
Our second tutorial will focus on simulating an ideal op-amp, using the LTspice simulation tool. But what is an ideal op-amp? The figure below shows an ideal op-amp, the input impedance is denoted, as Rin and does not allow any current to flow into it. Ideally, the op-amp input impedance must be infinite, and the … Read more
Any circuit design engineer before developing a circuit would like to simulate that circuit to understand whether it satisfies the design rules, and this also gives an option of plug, and play which is not possible practically. To design and develop a circuit with no parts cost and circuit can be evaluated without any physical … Read more